Dictatorship Countries And Their Leaders | Countries Ruled by Dictators | 2019 Rankings On Time 1.62K subscribers 95K views 3 years ago Dictatorship Countries And Their Leaders | Countries Ruled. Hybrid dictatorships: What it's like to live under a Dictatorship. Despite repeated promises to leave office in 2024 (when his term limit is reached), Putin spearheaded a 2020 constitutional amendment enabling him to remain in power until 2036. [69], In the time between World War I and World War II, several dictatorships were established in Europe through coups which were carried out by far-left and far-right movements. Members of the group will typically make up the elites in a dictator's inner circle at the beginning of a new dictatorship, though the dictator may remove them as a means to gain additional power. The DD dataset covers the annual data points of 199 countries from 1946 (or date of independence) to 2008. [35][36] These dictatorships often emerge either from loosely organized seizures of power, giving the leader opportunity to consolidate power, or from democratically elected leaders in countries with weak institutions, giving the leader opportunity to change the constitution. [47] Personalist dictatorships also experience growth differently, as they often lack the institutions or qualified leadership to sustain an economy. People who are for dictatorship say it provides for a more stable government, helps abolish corruption, and is more efficient in emergencies. A dictatorship is a type of government in which a single personthe dictatoror party has absolute power. [138] A study found that dictatorships that engage in oil drilling are more likely to remain in power, with 70.63% of the dictators who engage in oil drilling still being in power after 5 years of dictatorship, while only 59.92% of the non-oil producing dictators survive the first 5 years. In the last six years alone, at least 26 African countries have experienced transfers of power. " Between the 1990s and the 2000s, most dictators moved away from being "larger-than-life figures" that controlled the populace through terror and isolated themselves from the global community. [11][12] He describes totalitarian regimes as exercising control over politics and political mobilization rather than merely suppressing it. Interestingly, most modern dictatorships do not use the term "dictator" to. As of early 2022, the countries of Afghanistan, Eritrea, North Korea, and Turkmenistan are the only nations in the world whose governments are generally considered to be totalitarian dictatorships. The exclave province of Cabinda has borders with the Republic of the Congo and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Elections allow a dictatorship to exercise some control over the opposition by setting the terms under which the opposition challenges the regime. [105] To maintain power, Chilean dictator Augusto Pinochet organized Operation Condor with other South American dictators to facilitate cooperation between their respective intelligence agencies and secret police organizations. Military dictatorships are more prone to conflict due to the inherent military strength associated with such a regime, and personalist dictatorships are more prone to conflict due to the weaker institutions to check the dictator's power. Repression can encompass actual or threatened physical violence such as arrests, assassinations, torture, beatings, disappearances, mass killings, and forced exile. In the 19th century, settlers slowly and hesitantly began to establish themselves in. Afghanistan, officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country located within South Asia and Central Asia. [107] Dictatorships are often recipients of foreign aid on the condition that they make advances toward democratization. The list of Dictatorship countries in Africa includes Nigeria and Zaire. [147] The use of violence by a dictator is frequently most severe during the first few years of a dictatorship, because the regime has not yet solidified its rule and more detailed information for targeted coercion is not yet available. Dictatorships arise through violence or non-violent means, but they almost always result in the loss of liberties, corruption, and human rights abuses. [98], One of the tasks in political science is to measure and classify regimes as either democracies or dictatorship (authoritarian) countries. Examples include the Personalist/Military dictatorship of Pakistan from 1977 to 1988 and the Single-Party/Military hybrid that controlled El Salvador from 1948 to 1984. Rwanda - 1994 to present - Paul Kagame. This world dictators list has everyone from Adolf Hitler to Kim Jong Un to many lesser-known rulers. Organized opposition is a threat to the stability of a dictatorship, as it seeks to undermine public support for the dictator and calls for regime change. There must be more than one party competing in the elections. Military dictatorship: 2. Dominant-party dictatorships or electoral authoritarian dictatorships are one-party dictatorships in which opposition parties are nominally legal but cannot meaningfully influence government. Examples might include King Cyrus the Great of Persia, who is thought to have created the first declaration of human rights, the Biblical King Solomon, Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius, and Singapore's Prime Minister Lee Kwan Yue. Countries that start with: The table below offers a full list of which countries are what type of democracy. They are in civil war, but the dictator is. This is often done via questionable means, including intimidation, imprisonment (lawful or not), physical violence, or even assassination. The name a democracy gives itself or its office does not indicate what type of democracy it is. [86] After a brief period of democratization, Latin America underwent a rapid transition toward dictatorship in the 1930s. As the dictatorship becomes more established, it moves away from violence by resorting to the use of other coercive measures, such as restricting people's access to information and tracking the political opposition. Most of them are characterized by a single leader with either no party or one that is weak. Monarchies: 3. 3. (2010), Cheibub, Gandhi, and Vreeland developed a six-fold regime classification scheme, resulting what the authors called as the DD datasets. [8], Totalitarianism is a variation of dictatorship characterized by the presence of a single political party and more specifically, by a powerful leader who imposes personal and political prominence. 1. This list answers the questions, "What countries are dictatorships?" The theories about society, capital and labor got turned into a dictatorship, genocide, and poverty. Dictatorships are authoritarian or totalitarian and can be classified as military dictatorships, one-party dictatorships, personalist dictatorships, or absolute monarchies. Early African dictatorships were primarily personalist socialist dictatorships, in which a single socialist would take power instead of a ruling party. The relations between the countries were strained by Soviet attempts to influence Yugoslavia, leading to the TitoStalin split in 1948. The dictator of Italy from 1925 to 1945, Benito Mussolini founded the Fascist Party in 1919. The dictatorship was revived 120 years later by Sulla after his crushing of a populist movement, and 33 years after that by Julius Caesar. [51] In the modern era, absolute monarchies are most common in the Middle East. Elites are also the primary political threats of a dictator, as they can leverage their power to influence or overthrow the dictatorship. These nationalist movements supported non-alignment, keeping most Middle Eastern dictatorships out of the American and Soviet spheres of influence. This type of vote is termed a constructive vote of no confidence. List of Cons of Dictatorships. [56] Caesar subverted the tradition of temporary dictatorships when he was made dictator perpetuo, or a dictator for life, which led to the creation of the Roman Empire. [85] After being defeated in World War II, the far-right dictatorships of Europe collapsed, with the exceptions of Spain and Portugal. The chief executive can take many names including chancellor, prime minister, or premier and the heads of the executive departments can bear different names and be called different things. The 10 most capitalist nations in the world Samantha Menzies 22 February 2016, 7:39 pm The 10 most capitalist nations in the world Capitalism is thriving in many parts of the world, with the list. [76][77] The Russian Revolution inspired a wave of left-wing revolutionary movements in Europe between 1917 and 1923, but none saw the same level of success. This list details eight of the world's current dictators and the poverty rates associated with each country. Democracies can be either parliamentary, semi-presidential, or presidential and dictatorships can be civilian, military, or royal. Its purpose is to collect information, mobilize society, and induce compliance with the dictatorships directives. [139], Most dictatorships hold elections to maintain legitimacy and stability, but these elections are typically uncompetitive and the opposition is not permitted to win. An appropriate example of this occurred in 2020 when Russian president Vladimir Putin and his party introduced amendments to the country's constitution that reworked term limits, enabling Putin to remain in power until 2036. Stability can be weakened when opposition groups grow and unify or when elites are not loyal to the regime. The Countries with Dictatorships in the Modern World As of 2020, there are 52 nations with a dictator or authoritarian regime ruling the country: Three in Latin America and South America, 27 in Asia and the Middle East, and 22 in Africa. Repression is the accumulation of state behaviors that target actors who challenge beliefs, institutions, and actions of the dictatorship. The leader of a dictatorship is called a dictator.Politics in a dictatorship are controlled by the dictator and facilitated through an inner circle of elites that include advisers, generals, and other high-ranking officials. [71] The aftermath of World War I resulted in a major shift in European politics, establishing new governments, facilitating internal change in older governments, and redrawing the boundaries between countries, allowing opportunities for these movements to seize power. Is North Korea a dictatorship? [23] Military coups do not necessarily result in military dictatorships, as power may then be passed to an individual or the military may allow democratic elections to take place. China - Communist Regime 4. [61] In Europe, the Commonwealth of England under Oliver Cromwell, formed in 1649 after the Second English Civil War, has been described as a military dictatorship by its contemporary opponents and by some modern academics. Zimbabwe - 1980 to present - Robert Mugabe. Personalist dictators may be members of the military or leaders of a political party, but neither the military nor the party exercises power independently from the dictator. [88] European fascism was imported to Latin America as well, and the Vargas Era of Brazil was heavily influenced by the corporatism practiced in fascist Italy. [22], Military dictatorships are typically formed by a military coup in which senior officers use the military to overthrow the government. [73], Dictatorships in Latin America persisted into the 20th century, and further military coups established new regimes, often in the name of nationalism. The leader of a dictatorship is called a dictator. Adolf Hitler: 14 most cruel dictators Benito Mussolini: 14 most cruel dictators Vladimir Lenin (1870-1924): 14 most cruel dictators Joseph Stalin: 14 most cruel dictators Mao Zedong or Mao or Mao Tse Tung: 14 most cruel dictators Muammar Gaddafi: 14 most cruel dictators Idi Amin (1920-2003): 14 most cruel dictators [98] Several Middle Eastern countries were the subject of military coups in the 1950s and 1960s, including Iraq, Syria, North Yemen, and South Yemen. [145] Dictatorships may hold semi-competitive elections to qualify for foreign aid, to demonstrate a dictator's control over the government, or to incentivize the party to expand its information-gathering capacity, particularly at the local level. and "Which country has a dictatorship as its form of leadership?" [124], The type of economy in a dictatorship can affect how it functions. [2] The inner circle's support is necessary for a dictator's orders to be carried out, causing elites to serve as a check on the dictator's power. Nigeria - 1966 to 1975 - Yakubu Gowon. Imelda Marcos. ", "The Cromwellian Protectorate: A Military Dictatorship? The dictatorship of Francisco Franco in Spain , from 1939 to 1975. W; Alphabetical list of countries; Alphabetical list of countries. Korea experienced military dictatorships under the rule of Yeon Gaesomun in the 7th century[58] and under the rule of the Goryeo military regime in the 12th and 13th centuries. As of 2020, there are 52 nations with a dictator or authoritarian regime ruling the country: Three in Latin America and South America, 27 in Asia and the Middle East, and 22 in Africa. In fact, you may devise any chart you like concerning politics or anything else and label left and right however you choose. While autocratic countries are not always malevolent, they often still encounter resistance from citizens who would prefer to have a greater say in the government's policy-making process. The totalitarian dictatorship of Adolf Hitler in Germany , from 1933 to 1945. Some countries, such as Sweden, instead charge another person entirely with choosing the head of government, such as the presiding officer of the legislative assembly. Fidel Castro was one of the most iconic latin american dictators, who lived in the 20th century. the dictatorship of the proletariat had to be preserved in the socialist countries to assure that the reeducated minds of the workers already lucky enough to live under socialism were not re-infected by capitalist ideas coming in from outside the people's collectivist . The head of state in most parliamentary democracies formally appoint the head of government. In some cases, nations may have multiple ruling bodies or government types, meaning they're not exclusively countries that are governed by dictatorships. A dictator may address the opposition by repressing it through force, modifying laws to restrict its power, or appeasing it with limited benefits. [28] Due to the structure of their leadership, one-party dictatorships are significantly less likely to face civil conflict, insurgency, or terrorism than other forms of dictatorship. A personalist dictator will manage these appointees by segmenting the government so that they cannot collaborate. [25], One-party dictatorships are governments in which a single political party dominates politics. Some of the most famous dictators in history include, of course, Adolf Hitler, Chancellor of Nazi Germany from 1933-1945, Benito Mussolini, ruler of fascist Italy from 1922-1945, and Joseph Stalin,. [142] Dictatorships may influence the results of an election through electoral fraud, intimidation or bribing of candidates and voters, use of state resources such as media control, manipulation of electoral laws, restricting who may run as a candidate, or disenfranchising demographics that may oppose the dictatorship. Miguel Daz-Canel, the son of Ral Castro who replaced him as president of Cuba, has kept the dictatorship structure in place that was established by Fidel Castro during the Cuban revolution. [20][21] They are most common in developing nations in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. Power is obtained and passed on through family connections. [72] The societal upheaval caused by World War I and the unstable peace it produced further contributed to instability that benefited extremist movements and rallied support for their causes. Charles Taylor Country: Liberia Charles McArthur Ghanakay Taylor's life story is akin to that of a movie. Abstract. The term dictatorship originates from its use in the Roman Republic. Many countries which are seen as otherwise democratic are dictatorships because there has yet to be an alternation in power since their incumbent government has never lost an election. But for today, these are the world's dictatorships. In 1989, the Soviet Union was dissolved, and communism was abandoned by the countries of Central and Eastern Europe through a series of revolutions. [93] Chiang Kai-shek continued to rule as dictator of the National government's rump state in Taiwan until his death in 1975. [8]:465 Some countries, such as Greece and Bulgaria, stipulate who the head of state chooses as head of government. The DD index first classifies the regimes into two types: democracies and dictatorships. [45] Although, when it comes to polling and elections a dictator could use his power to override private preferences. [5] This is particularly true when the inner circle is made up of military officers that have the resources to carry out a military coup. Marxist one-party states are sometimes distinguished from other one-party states, but they function similarly. Reading Time: 4 minutes. Obiang's regime is known for state-sanctioned kidnappings, torture of prisoners, and unlawful killings. Its territory covers 652,000 km, making it the 41st largest country in the world. The phrase "fixed term" indicates the once the head of state is chosen, they serve a known and a limited number of years before another election is held, and they cannot be removed from the office in the meantime via a vote of no confidence. He was a German legislator, organizer of Nazi party and furthermore filled in as Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945. [54], Asia saw several military dictatorships during the post-classical era. Perhaps someday some of these modern dictatorships will cast off their dictators and embrace a more democratic and inclusive form of government. Also called a dominant party dictatorship or one-party state. [18], A classification of dictatorships, which began with political scientist Barbara Geddes in 1999, focuses on where power lies. [40] Personalist dictatorships often collapse with the death of the dictator. At the onset of the so-called "third wave" of democracy in 1978, the only democratic regimes were Costa Rica, Colombia and Venezuela. This is a list of countries, nations, and states governed or ruled by a dictatorship, is sorted alphabetically and contains some information about each nation, such as the capital, and even the official language or currency of the country. On a similar note, a dictatorship's regular citizens have no voice in most matters. Another controversial dictator is General Augusto Pinochet (1915-2006) of Chile. Myanmar has been thrown into the darkness of the military dictatorship once again as this morning, the military junta arrested "The daughter of democracy" Aung San Suu Kyi and reinstated the military rule. Semi-competitive elections also have the effect of incentivizing members of the ruling party to provide better treatment of citizens so they will be chosen as party nominees due to their popularity. [26] Ruling parties in one-party dictatorships are distinct from political parties that were created to serve a dictator in that the ruling party in a one-party dictatorship permeates every level of society. Although it is true that some dictators are far more strict and overbearing than others, as a rule, dictatorships tend to result in a loss of personal autonomy, quality of life, and political choice for everyday citizens. [82], Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party created a second fascist dictatorship in Germany in 1933,[83] obtaining absolute power through a combination of electoral victory, violence, and emergency powers. [8]:455 Some countries (such as Spain, Belgium, Germany, and Israel) require that the vote of no confidence also specify who is going to replace the sitting government to minimize the time without an interim government, essentially replacing one government with another. Iraq, Israel, Lebanon, and Palestine are the only democratic nations in the region, with Israel being the only nation in this region that affords broad political liberties to its citizens. African Dictators [123] The form of government does not correlate with the amount of economic growth, and dictatorships on average grow at the same rate as democracies, though dictatorships have been found to have larger fluctuations. The leaders of dictatorships are not outwardly identified as dictators when other people are addressing them. * Venezuela - Nicolas Maduro * Mauritania - Mohamed Ould Abdulaziz * Algeria - Abdelaziz Bouteflika * Tunisia - Beji Caid Essebesi * Chad - Idriss Deby * Sudan - Omar al-Bashir * Cameroon - Paul Biy. [49] In an absolute monarchy, power is limited to the royal family, and legitimacy is established by historical factors. Russia is a federal semi-presidential republic and an oligarchy. (Dictator of Italy and Principal Founder of Fascism Who Was Prime Minister of Italy from 1922 to 1943.) Argentina and Mexico are the countries with Dictatorship as a government form. Indeed, the 20th century, which witnessed the careers of Atatrk, Benito Mussolini, Adolf Hitler, Joseph Stalin, Francisco Franco, Mao Tse-tung, Juan Pern, Tito, Gamal Abdel Nasser, Sukarno, Kwame Nkrumah, and Charles de Gaulle, could appear in history as the age of plebiscitary dictatorship. Preference falsification, Internal politics, data scarcity, and restriction of media are just a few examples of the dangers of a personalistic authoritarian regime. Like right-wing, it is not a copyrighted term. Among Africans past and present, you'll find a smattering of dictatorships. [8]:455 Sometimes sitting governments will attach a vote of no confidence clause to a piece of legislation they want passed, effectively tying the survival of the government on the piece of legislation. As the Cold War went on, the Soviet Union increased its influence in Africa, and MarxistLeninist dictatorships developed in several African countries. [126] Some of the most ruthless examples of repression in recent history were repression by hunger. Monarchies may be dynastic, in which the royal family serves as a ruling institution similar to a political party in a one-party state, or they may be non-dynastic, in which the monarch rules independently of the royal family as a personalist dictator. A presidential democracy has a government that does not need the majority support of a legislature to stay in power.
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