After his successful raid on Cadiz, Drake sailed along the coast of Portugal and Spain, seizing Spanish ships and destroying supplies that were being sent to Lisbon for the Armada. It had to deal with Irish . "The Scarlet Ibis" would be a different story if it were told from Doodle's point of view. Elizabeth's Legitimacy | History | tutor2u The conspirators including Babington were all. Also, the activities of English pirates', who looted Spanish ships, caused problems between Spain and England. He would often return with huge amounts of treasure for Queen Elizabeth. The early Tudors, 1485-1558 | Institute of Continuing Education (ICE) 1534 Duke of Angoulme (third son of Francis I)c1542 A Prince of Portugal1543 Son of the Earl of Arran 1544 Prince Philip (Philip II) 1547 Sir Thomas Seymour 1552 Prince of Denmark 1553 Courtenay, Earl of Devonshire 1554 Philibert Emanuel, Duke of Savoy 1554 Prince of Denmark 1556 Prince Eric of Sweden 1556 Don Carlos (son of Philip II)1559 Philip II 1559 Prince Eric of Sweden 1559 Son of John Frederic, Duke of Saxony 1559 Sir William Pickering 1559 Earl of Arran 1559 Henry Fitzalan, Earl of Arundel 1559 Robert Dudley 1560 King Eric of Sweden 1560 Adolphus, Duke of Holstein 1560 King Charles IX 1560 Henry, Duke of Anjou 1566 Robert Dudley 1568 Archduke Charles 1570 Henry Duke of Anjou 1572- 1584 Francis, Duke of Alencon, later Anjou. Company Reg no: 04489574. ( Public Domain ) Henry VIII was succeeded by his son Edward VI who reigned for a mere six years before succumbing to tuberculosis at the age of 15. The treaty also stated that Mary would give up her claim to the English throne, although this was not formally agreed by Mary. The Protestant Elizabeth certainly faced difficulties upon becoming Queen with regard to legitimacy, especially from English Catholics and the wider Catholic world. Here is an example answer to the following 16-mark question on the reasons for the increased Catholic threat to Elizabeth I after 1566. Phillip was warned against this mission but believed he was on a mission from God. The ships that did manage to make the journey back ran short of supplies, and many men died of starvation and disease. Elizabeth's parents, Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn. To study the ways in which Henry consolidated his rule. The Act of Supremacy The queen's reassertion of control over religious matters was achieved via the April 1559 CE Act of Supremacy, once more closing the door on the Pope. [The importance of dates and chronology help demonstrate the long- term impact of Marys presence, which helps support the initial judgement.]. The Armada set sail in May 1588, but due to bad weather and attempts by an English fleet to intercept it, was delayed for several weeks in the Bay of Biscay. Philip II and the Pope supported the plot that would involve the invasion of England by the Duke of Guise. Upon his arrival, he accepted the position of Governor-General which proved to be a big mistake as it suggested that Elizabeth had taken control of the Netherlands. Importantly too, Elizabeths fear of the Auld Alliance was heightened by the fact that the Catholic Mary, Queen of Scots, had declared herself the legitimate Queen of England (owing to the fact that she was Elizabeths second cousin and the granddaughter of Henry VIIIs sister Margaret) and she had the support of many English Catholics. In the eyes of the Church of England, Henry and Catherine were divorced and then Henry could marry Anne. The relative strength of France and weakness of England was further compounded by the fact that Elizabeth had to recognize the loss of Calais to France under the Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis in 1559, following a disastrous English military campaign under the reign of Elizabeths predecessor, Mary I. Calais had been in English hands since 1347. Describe two features of the Rebellion of the Norther earls 1559 7. This focused on dividing the poor into the able-bodied and the impotent. King Phillip saw the signing of the 1585 Treaty of Nonsuch as a declaration fo war on Spain and in response, he began to build a huge fleet of ships known as an Armada to invade England with. The Spanish attempted to regroup at Gravelines, however, the weather made it impossible for them to reform their defensive crescent formation which opened up an opportunity for the English to intercept and attack. Boston House, Tel: +44 0844 800 0085. DOCX www.oasisacademywintringham.org In 1565 the Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire proposed that Elizabeth marry Archduke Charles of Austria. Although her small kingdom was threatened by grave internal divisions, Elizabeth's blend of shrewdness, courage, and majestic self-display inspired ardent expressions of loyalty and helped unify the nation against foreign enemies. This was due to the actions of her father, Henry VIII, in 1533. Edward was succeeded by Mary, who in turn ruled for five years until her death in 1558. The core of her legitimacy problem centred around the circumstances of her birth by Anne Boleyn. With the Popes blessing, foreign Catholic priests were smuggled into England with the sole purpose of continuing recusancy amongst the English Catholics and undermining the influence of Protestantism. Elizabeth I - the last Tudor monarch - was born at Greenwich on 7 September 1533, the daughter of Henry VIII and his second wife, Anne Boleyn. Ridolfis plan was to make Mary queen by first assassinating Elizabeth and then marrying Mary to the Duke of Norfolk. Freshwater supplies were lost and many tons of food rotted as the fleet eventually sailed to England in 1588. Copy. Spymaster and Secretary of State from 1573 Francis Walsingham uncovered the plot. "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 4th point + evidence. There were several factors that influenced Queen Elizabeths decision to sign the Treaty of Nonsuch including: Elizabeth believed in Divine Right and due to this, she didnt want to remove King Phillip as the ruler of Netherlands. On the show, Francis has a tumultuous relationship with his wife, Mary, and their inability to conceive a child is a major source of conflict between them. There are 4 main exam boards which are AQA, Edexcel (Pearson), OCR and How To Revise For GCSE Psychology The ultimate step-by-step guide for students, teachers and private students. In the eyes of the Spanish, Drake was a pirate however in the eyes of the English and Elizabeth, he was a patriot. "The little Queen of Scots is the most perfect child that I have ever seen," King Henry II of France proclaimed soon after meeting his new charge (Mary of Guise had stayed in Scotland to rule . The plot was uncovered whilst Ridolfi was abroad (he never returned). Spanish invasion plans. However, the Dutch had always governed themselves. England and Spain had tried to remain on good terms but a growing rivalry between them led to increased tensions. The English sent 8 fireships loaded with flammable materials in the middle of the night towards the anchored Spanish ships. This led to a rampage of Spanish soldiers and the sacking of Antwerp. King Philip of Spain sent an. The local inhabitants showed little mercy to the survivors of these wrecks. [Blog], Medicine Community Feedback and Suggestions, 2023 entry A100 / A101 Medicine fastest and slowest offer senders, Borders & Enforcement, Immigration Enforcement - Immigration Officer June 22, Official University of the Arts London 2023 Applicants Thread. The threat posed by the pretenders Perkin Warbeck and Lambert Simnel. What Problems Did Elizabeth Face in 1558? - 844 Words | Studymode The Duke of Norfolk was arrested and executed however Mary was not punished beyond her supervision being made tighter. Elizabeth I (r.1558-1603) | The Royal Family For example, from 1567, Elizabeth allowed the Dutch sea beggars to shelter in English harbours (from where they then attacked Spanish ships in the English Channel who were making their way with men and materiel to support Albas mission). Over 100,000 of this was owed to the Antwerp Exchange who charged an interest rate of 14%. Elizabeth had reinstated Protestantism as the official religion of England when she inherited the throne, but that did not mean that there were not still Catholics residing in the country. Charles Neville, 6th Earl of Westmorland was part of the rebellion against Queen Elizabeth. The plan was then for the combined forces would then sail across the Channel to England under the protection of the Armadas warships. They were not able to do this because the English used their greater manoeuvrability to stay out of range while firing broadsides (massive barrages of cannonballs) that could sink the Spanish ships. 214 High Street, Two influential Catholic families the Percys and the Nevilles plotted alongside the Duke of Norfolk to overthrow Elizabeth and replace her with the Catholic, Mary, Queen of Scots (who now resided in England). This significantly committed Elizabeth to support the Dutch rebels directly against the Spanish. Learning of the Spanish plans to build an Armada and invade England, Drakes mission was to try and stop this. July 31st: Battle of Plymouth two Spanish ships were captured. When Elizabeth I came to the throne in 1558, she inherited a difficult financial situation and a debt of 227,000. Native American hostility occurred from the start, however. Letters sent to Mary were also intercepted which implicated her and the Duke of Norfolk in the plot. to answer the Section Focus Question: However, the settlement was abandoned and no trace of the colonists was ever found. Elizabeth increased her financial commitment to the cause of the Dutch rebels and hired mercenary soldiers to intervene in the conflict under the leadership of John Casimir. Moreover, a child would create more stability domestically and nullify challenges to the throne (like that from Mary Queen of Scots) as a political vacuum would have been filled. In 1570, Pope Pius V excommunicated Elizabeth, encouraging Catholics everywhere to rise up and depose the heretic queen. LS23 6AD This was because the society was very patriarchal, male dominated, meaning that she . 2022 Youth Conference - post conference 4 month challenge! he could also overthrow her. The Council was controlled by southern Protestants and this caused resentment by the northern nobles. King Phillip tried to send two further Armadas in the 1590s however, both were unsuccessful. After his death, his two sons Harold and Hardicanute took over the throne in succession. There was a very real risk that he could form an alliance with other Catholic powers such as France and Spain and invade England. Drake was the first English person to achieve this (and the second person in history at the time). There were two important reasons why France was seen as a threat to England. Elizabeth's greatest problem in 1558 was the threat of invasion.
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