ed. currently an unorganized, unincorporated U.S. territory under 34 Manila, the sixth-largest city in the United States (substantially larger than Boston or Washington, D.C.), was decimated. It was entitled Greater United States. 19. William Appleman Williams, The Tragedy of American Diplomacy (Cleveland, OH, 1959). The problem is not, I hasten to add, a lack of available information. Yet annexation did take place. of the United States UNITED STATES 1898 1895 Ishorten L GUATEMAL CARAGUA Guam PANTALLA SOUTH AMERICA N Canal Opening to China, A State of Neutrality: State Development and Early American Neutrality, U.S. Art Museums and Exhibition Diplomacy, Cultural Intermediaries and the Sounds of Freedom, About the Society for Historians of American Foreign Relations, Receive exclusive offers and updates from Oxford Academic, Copyright 2023 Society for Historians of American Foreign Relations. The zip has the lab results and etc. In the span of only a few years, the United States had increased its size exponentially with the contentious annexation of Texas in 1845, the 1846 Oregon Treaty with Great Britain for half of the Oregon Country; and acquired California, Nevada, Utah, and parts of Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, and Wyoming as a result of the Mexican-American War For a fuller picture of how colonial encounters might change larger narratives of U.S. history, consider the Second World War. One thinks of Teddy Roosevelt achieving national fame by charging up San Juan Heights in Cuba, William Howard Tafts terms as governor-general in the Philippines and then Secretary of War (with supervision over the colonies), Daniel Burnhams ambitious urban plans for Manila and Baguio, Margaret Meads fieldwork in American Samoa, and New Dealer Rexford Tugwells governorship of Puerto Rico. (To annex is to join a new territory to an existing country.) $.' The many islands claimed by the United States but not listed in the census (all uninhabited) are not included. More about Copyright and other Restrictions. They shot five Congressmen, nearly killing one. Title from title sheet. for $5 million in assumed claims under Adams-Ons Treaty, Purchase from Mexico DOCUMENT 3 "Article I: The Government of Cuba shall never enter into any treaty or other compact with any . 18. Swains Island was annexed in 1925 (occupied since 1856), . The recent monographic literature is large; but see especially Kristin L. Hoganson, Fighting for American Manhood: How Gender Politics Provoked the Spanish-American and the Philippine-American Wars (New Haven, CT, 1998); Louis A. Prez, The War of 1898: The United States and Cuba in History and Historiography (Chapel Hill, NC, 1998); Mary A. Renda, Taking Haiti: Military Occupation and the Culture of U.S. National Wildlife Refuge, Joint occupation with Britain; Perhaps not coincidentally, this was precisely the time when the Wisconsin School developed its understanding of U.S. empire as an informal undertaking. U.S. historians have displayed a tremendous interest in the subject of empire for a long time. The mission of the historical office is to collect, preserve, and present the history of the Office of . HISTORY United States: world's fourth largest country in terms of area #1: Russia #2: Canada #3: China migration: the movement of people within a country or region . Passage to statehood did come quickly in some cases, such as gold-rush California. 4. Not in the sense of endorsing the Courts opinion, but in adhering to the Courts understanding about what parts of the United States are in the country and what parts arent. W.B. 20. Municipal annexation in the United States - Wikipedia 43. The historical literature on bases is growing quickly, with an especially tight focus on the tense relationships between bases and their surrounding areas. The independent United Stated flirted with the idea of annexing Cuba from the time of Thomas Jefferson's' administration. Many of the most important books have been edited collections: Amy Kaplan and Donald Pease, eds., Cultures of United States Imperialism (Durham, NC, 1993); Frances Negrn-Muntaner and Ramn Grosfoguel, eds., Puerto Rico Jam: Rethinking Colonialism and Nationalism (Minneapolis, MN, 1997); Julian Go and Anne L. Foster, eds., The American Colonial State in the Philippines: Global Perspectives (Durham, NC, 2003); Catherine Lutz, ed., The Bases of Empire: The Global Struggle against U.S. Military Posts (New York, 2009); Alfred W. McCoy and Francisco A. Scarano, eds., Colonial Crucible: Empire in the Making of the Modern American State (Madison, WI, 2009); and Alyosha Goldstein, ed., Formations of United States Colonialism (Durham, NC, 2014). But things are changing quickly. Chronological List of United States Expansion - Weber State University To get a better sense of this, consider the historiographic fate of the Philippines, the largest U.S. colony by an order of magnitude, in our most prominent historical journals. It has proved to be such an enduring category of analysis because of its capaciousness. But those familiar borders only held for four years. 39. (William B.) jurisdiction of Office of Insular Affairs of the Department of the 16 The term United States of America has ceased to be an accurate description of the countries over which the Stars and Stripes float, the author of one argued. Texas. conduct an article review of this chapter, using the format below: Despite the obvious relevance of territorial issues to the most important events of the nineteenth centuryit was the question of slavery in the territories that sparked the Civil Warwe nevertheless find it easy to conceive of territories as embryonic states, and thus to touch only lightly on their subjugated status. The revolt touched eight cities. 39 It abandoned base sites, in some cases as a response to anti-basing protests. First attempt to open the Mississippi LC Civil War maps (2nd ed. Research at least 6 tools in each category and, Please Follow All The Requirements Carefully And Upload On Time 4 Though the overseas basing system shrank considerably in the immediate aftermath of the Second World War, the United States held onto hundreds of bases. Why do you think so many of these new possessions were islands located in the Pacific Ocean? We razed sugar mills and factories. In the end, he concluded, there was nothing left. 35, Although the count of U.S. mainland lives lost in the Second World War is precise to the last digit, counts of the lives of colonized subjects lost are at best informed guesses. 32 And it included the internment of Alaska Natives from the Aleutian Islands by the U.S. government. On U.S. military calculations in the reconquest of the Philippines, see Richard Connaughton, John Pimlott, and Duncan Anderson, The Battle for Manila (London, 1995). Empire, Militarization, and Suburbanization and the Marshall Islands, 19441986 (Ph.D. More recent work that explores the subordinated status of western territories includes Earl S. Pomeroy, The Territories and the United States, 18611890: Studies in Colonial Administration (Philadelphia, PA, 1947); Whitney T. Perkins, Denial of Empire: The United States and Its Dependencies (Leyden, 1962); Jack Ericson Eblen, The First and Second United States Empires: Governors and Territorial Government, 17841912 (Pittsburgh, PA, 1968); Andrew R. L. Cayton, The Frontier Republic: Ideology and Politics in the Ohio Country, 17801825 (Kent, OH, 1986); Peter S. Onuf, Statehood and Union: A History of the Northwest Ordinance (Bloomington, IN, 1987); Peter J. Kastor, The Nations Crucible: The Louisiana Purchase and the Creation of America (New Haven, CT, 2004); Gary Lawson and Guy Seidman, The Constitution of Empire: Territorial Expansion and American Legal History (New Haven, CT, 2004); Sanford Levinson and Bartholomew H. Sparrow, eds., The Louisiana Purchase and American Expansion, 18031898 (Lanham, MD, 2005); and Go, Patterns of Empire . 11. On Indian Territory, alternatively known as Indian Country: Roy Gittinger, The Formation of the State of Oklahoma, 18031906 (Norman, OK, 1939); Francis Paul Prucha, The Great Father: The United States and the American Indians , 2 vols. 2; Rebecca Lemov on Micronesia as a social scientific laboratory in World as Laboratory: Experiments with Mice, Mazes, and Men (New York, 2005), ch. endstream 31 Over the course of the war, Japan attacked every inhabited Pacific colony that the United States held, and it occupied the Philippines, Guam, Wake, and part of Alaska. Erez Manela, The Wilsonian Moment: Self-Determination and the International Origins of Anticolonial Nationalism (Oxford, 2007). Annexation of independent republic. In 1857, the United States began annexing guano islandsuninhabited islands possessing valuable fertilizer. 7. 2 0 obj 4. Map of A map of the United States showing the growth of the nation from 1783 to1853. The most thorough discussion of anti-basing protests and their effects on the World War II basing network is Rebecca Herman Weber, In Defense of Sovereignty: Labor, Crime, Sex and Nation at U.S. Military Bases in Latin America, 19401947 (Ph.D. But that fact can overshadow the territorial purgatory that future states occupied for long periods. 9; Lauren B. Hirshbergs dissertation about Kwajalein island and neighboring Ebeye, Targeting Kwajalein: U.S. I prefer the term Greater United States, just so as to avoid confusion with Herbert E. Boltons influential notion of the Greater America, intended to encompass all of the Americas within a single analytical frame. 32. Hi Not only was the occupation itself onerous, but the reconquest of those colonies by the United States was extraordinarily violent. Yet Williamss school regarded 1898 as symptomatic rather than substantive: the small and visible tip of a much larger imperial iceberg. This can be most clearly seen in the realm of the law. The premier biography of Albizu is Marisa Rosado, Pedro Albizu Campos: Las Llamas de la Aurora , 2nd ed. $15 million plus 3.25 million in assumed claims, Unincorporated territory claimed under Guano Act of It comes from 189899, when the United States gutted Spains empire, claiming the Philippines, Puerto Rico, and Guam for itself, occupying Cuba, and taking the occasion to annex the non-Spanish lands of Hawaii and American Samoa. united states acquisitions and annexations 1857 1904 Boston, Small, Maynard & company, 1904. The map shows the thirteen original states and the territories acquired in 1783, the Louisiana Purchase from France in 1803, Florida purchased from Spain in 1819, the Texas annexation in 1845, the Oregon Country acquired by the treaty with Great Britain in 1846, the Mexican cession of western territories in . Revolutionary War, Purchased from France for $15 million, including Sectionalism map of the united states; Mexican Cession. Wall maps. It languished as a territory for 104 years between annexation and statehood. WhatsApp Chat is free, download and try it now here! state.gov. 5 (2015): 927-42, and the more familiar story of Indian reservations. Soo Sung Cho, Korea in World Politics, 19401950: An Evaluation of American Responsibility (Berkeley, CA, 1967), 23, 34. Cover title. Andrene Everson (New York, 2007), 131. (Lincoln, NE, 1984), esp. for $10 million, plus $250,000 annually; ceded to Panama Fish and Wildlife Service, Purchased from Spain for $20 millon following The logo-map silhouette was completed in 1853, with the Gadsden Purchase. Fone Later L AUSTRALIA PACIFIC OCEAN IN 14 W 10 W IN W analyze this Document (notes), Home About Services Privacy Reviews Login, Copyright 2023 Academic Cave | Powered by Astra WordPress Theme, Click one of our contacts below to chat on WhatsApp. endobj 41. The contraction of the basing network is chronicled in Blaker, United States Overseas Basing , chap. * I am grateful to Alvita Akiboh, Michael Allen, Daniel Bessner, Brooke Blower, Michael Falcone, John Immerwahr, Julia Irwin, Aaron OConnell, Andrew Preston, Daniel Sargent, and the Huntington Library Long-Term Fellows Working Group for their thoughts on this essay and to Christopher Capozzola for introducing me to the term Greater United States.. can i please get some help with this :) Between 1857 and 1903, the United States acquired many new territorial possessions around the globe. But California was the extreme. Headings - United States--History - United States--Foreign relations - United States--Colonial question - United States--Territorial expansion Notes It was but one in a long chain of violent acts undertaken by Puerto Rican nationalists under the leadership of Pedro Albizu Campos, arguably the most important domestic opponent of the U.S. empire in the twentieth century. In that sense, the overseas colonies are the key to the Greater United States. 52, July 27, 1951, 3; Panama Canal Zone (46): Current Population Reports , Series P-25, No. <> It culminated in nationalists firing shots at the governors mansion in San Juan and in a very-nearly-successful assassination attempt on President Harry Truman in Washington, D.C. Reporter and political insider Drew Pearson cited the attempt on Trumans life as one of the reasons that Truman didnt run for re-election. It is generally held to be an illegal act. Takeover, the purchase of one company by another; Mergers and acquisitions, transactions in which the ownership of companies or their operating units are transferred or consolidated with other entities; Procurement, finding, agreeing terms and acquiring goods, services or works from an external source; Library acquisitions, department of a library responsible for . United States territorial acquisitions table, Last edited on 21 February 2023, at 08:11, Territorial evolution of the United States, Learn how and when to remove this template message, territorial acquisitions of the United States, "Milestones: 18011829 Office of the Historian", "Milestones: 18301860 Office of the Historian", "Milestones: 18661898 Office of the Historian", "Territorial Acquisitions of the United States", "Why the United States Controls Guantanamo Bay", http://www.waterislandhistory.com/militaryhistory.html, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_States_territorial_acquisitions_table&oldid=1140692169, This page was last edited on 21 February 2023, at 08:11. Like United Kingdom, it applies merely to the central and dominating body, the seat of empire; and Greater America comprises almost as wide a range of governments as Greater Britain itself. 17. 16. Also available in digital form. Speech of Hon. Mexican Cession. They appeared frequently at the front of atlases or as the main maps of the United States in textbooks. Its not only the Philippines. assumed claims, Purchased from Spain for $5 million in assumed claims 31. Two weeks before Dien Bien Phu, four nationalists entered the House of Representatives in Washington, D.C., made their way to the upstairs Ladies Gallery, unfurled a Puerto Rican flag, pulled out pistols, and fired 29 rounds into the body politic below them. On March 1, 1784, just 47 days after the Treaty of Paris granting the United States independence was ratified, Virginia ceded its claims over the area north of the Ohio River to the federal government. The comparison is enlightening. An acquisition occurs when a buying company . I am here counting Washington, D.C., among the states, even though it is a district, not a state, and lacks the full rights that states have. Williams and the many historians working in his long shadow have always happily acknowledged the colonies that the United States took. ), 32 Sherman's march to the sea LC Civil War maps (2nd R. O. Evans and Company - Robertson, H. C. National expansion under the Constitution; or, Despotic power versus delegated authority. But even that familiar story, when viewed through the lens of territoriality, can seem new. 203. United States Acquisitions and Annexations, 1857-1904 United States positions (with date of acquiunion) 1047 Spheres of Influence Citations are generated automatically from bibliographic data as of 1783 following military victory, Purchased from France Acquisitions Incorporated was an adventuring company from the Sword Coast. . 10511898, section 2, Centro de Estudios Puertorriqueos, Hunter College, CUNY. ]d*d>&Pd,QMG{\T-8FFSI>rK}bbSh]Z")aqvTI*FI}jO~>(-lL%cd&ct2Pd{>t: 91 R5(LtT+3l1YZzDzL>X2LkR:&.iz>,!9)9s6G&f!))wGc/=-UHwkAx#qhO McCormick, interview with James G. Morgan, quoted in Morgans Into New Territory: American Historians and the Concept of US Imperialism (Madison, WI, 2014), 76. independent as Republic of the Marshall This box map, from the inside cover of the 1910 edition of Allen C. Thomas's textbook, An Elementary History of the United States (first published 1900), shows the Philippines, Alaska, Hawai'i, Guam, Wake Island, American Samoa, and Puerto Rico. Theodore Friend writes that at least 500,000 Filipinos, 300,000 Japanese, and 40,000 mainlanders were killed in Between Two Empires: The Ordeal of the Philippines, 19291946 (New Haven, CT, 1965), 267. 1848. We typically say that the end of the war left the United States in a global position of economic and political supremacy. But we speak less of another anticolonial revolt that broke out in another part of the world. 11 Nearly thirteen percent of its populace lived in its overseas colonies. of the United States, Geography 20 The Greater United States is not my term. And for the U.S. nationals who inhabited those colonies, it was a traumatic affair. As it gained power, it shed territory. At lower right: Atlantic Souvenir for 1829. The present historiographical preoccupation with U.S. empire is usually dated to 1959, the year that William Appleman Williamss The Tragedy of American Diplomacy was published. . 26. for $7.2 million; statehood 1959, Annexation of independent republic; statehood 1959, Purchased from Spain There has been an accelerating avalanche of high-profile books on U.S. overseas territory, especially the Philippines. United States territorial acquisitions - Ballotpedia I am counting the time between when a territory was annexed to the United States to the time it was admitted to the Union as a state. commonwealth status as Federated States of The turn-of-the-century literature: Gilson Willets and Margaret Hamm, Greater America: Heroes, Battles, Camps (New York, 1898); Greater America in Picture and Story: The Army, the Navy, and Our New Possessions (Chicago, IL, 1898); David Jayne Hill, Greater America (Washington, DC: 1898); Great Northern Railway Company, Greater America: A Brief Description of the New Pacific Colonies and How to Reach Them (St. Paul, MN, 1899); Charles Morris, The Greater Republic: A New History of the United States (New York, 1899); Greater America: The Latest Acquired Insular Possessions (Boston: 1900); George Campbell, The Greater United States of America, or, the United States in Destiny (Topeka, KS, 1904); Archibald Ross Colquhoun, Greater America (New York, 1904); Ralph D. Paine, The Greater America (New York, 1907). Books appeared with intriguing titles: The Greater Republic (1899), The Greater United States (1904), and seven books whose titles contained the phrase Greater America published in the decade following the 1898 war. On points in the postWorld War II landscape, I have been greatly influenced by William Rankin, After the Map: Cartography, Navigation, and the Transformation of Territory in the Twentieth Century (Chicago, IL, 2016). Zone in Germany (17,174): figures from October 1946 census reported in The Demography of War: Germany, Population Index 14 (1948): 299; Continental United States (132,481): Historical Statistics of the United States: Colonial Times to 1970 (Washington, DC: 1975), part I, 8. 25 And the pattern continued: as older territories became states, new annexations brought new territories into the polity.
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